Course Description: This course is based on an article published on the Lifestyle Information Network (LIN) website about making friends within inclusive community recreation programs. It is a short look at the phenomena of friendship as it pertains to individuals with disabilities who are participating with non-disabled peers. The article defines social inclusion and friendship, and discusses the importance of friendship in relation to inclusion and quality of life. This article is designed for assisting disabled youth to make friends; however it is useful for clinicians in assisting clients as they establish new friendships, which is a cornerstone of change for clients at many stages in life. This course is designed for clinicians who work with children and adolescents, though it will be illuminating for clinicians who work adults. It is targeted for all levels of practitioners.
Learning Objectives: This course will provide a professional with a information about friendship, and how to help clients with disabilities develop friendship. Specifically, a professional will:
Identify levels of inclusion
Recognize the common attributes that distinguish friendship from acquaintanceships and other social relationships
Identify specific steps and strategies to assist individuals in developing friendships
Citation: Schleien, S., Green, F., Stone, C. (1999). Making Friends Within Inclusive Community Recreation Programs. Journal of Leisurability. Volume 26, No 3, On-Line.
Ce-Classes is approved by the Florida Board of Clinical Social Work, Marriage and Family Therapy and Mental Health Counseling Provider #852 BAP-Exp 3/2009
Ce-classes.com is approved as a provider for continuing education by the Association of Social Work Boards 400 South Ridge Parkway, Suite B, Culpeper, VA 22701. www.aswb.org. ASWB Approval Period: 1/5/08 – 1/5/11 Social workers should contact their regulatory board to determine course approval. Social workers will receive 2 credits for continuing education clock hours in participating in this course. (* Please see course descriptions for ceu information, one ceu = one continuing education clock hour)
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Exam Questions for Making Friends Within Inclusive Community Recreation Programs
1. The major assumption prior to 1990 about individuals with disabilities was that…
they would begin to make friends with non-disabled peers in community recreation programs
they would begin to make friends with non-disabled peers in community recreation programs as they do with peers with disabilities in segregated environments
recreation activities automatically alleviated their moods
healthy social relationships are important to them 2. It seems paradoxical that…
recreation in community programs enhances social acceptance
the passage of the ADA impacted the lives of people with disabilities just as the passage of the Civil Rights Act impacted the lives of people of color
“physically” including individuals into recreation programs will not result in social acceptance by peers
recreation, though it seems to be the best medium for meeting people and making friends, may also be an environment that reinforces social isolation 3. The three levels included in the concept of inclusion are ______________, functional inclusion and social inclusion.
physical integration
integral inclusion
exclusive inclusion
none of the above 4. Friendship entails all these common attributes that distinguish it from acquaintanceships and other social relationships EXCEPT:
Friendship is an affective tie between two individuals
Friends choose each other freely
Friendship is mutual and reciprocal
none of the above 5. Adult friendship…
arises from childhood friendships
appears to build on a culmination of skills developed during one’s early years
depends upon how one has treated one’s friends in one’s childhood
is not clearly definable 6. People with disabilities…
always have fewer friends than peers without disabilities
do not feel that they need as many friends as do peers without disabilities
feel that they need a lot of friends
have needs and desires to develop and maintain friendships in the same way as their peers without disabilities do 7. Children have been found by researchers to be generally…
more accepting of their peers with disabilities as compared to their adult counterparts
less accepting of their peers with disabilities as compared to their adult counterparts
have the same level of accepting of their peers with disabilities as compared to their adult counterparts
want to make friends with peers with disabilities 8. According to the authors,
segregated programs are more beneficial than the complete absence of recreation services altogether
segregated programs, where minimal opportunities exist to interact with non-disabled peers, are more beneficial than the complete absence of recreation services altogether
segregated programs accurately reflect the legislative, philosophical and service emphases of the post-ADA era
segregated programs are ideal for individuals with disabilities in the post-ADA era 9. In the _____________ approach, an individual who is disabled selects a traditional, age-appropriate recreation program currently existing in the community.
Reverse Mainstreaming
Zero Exclusion
Integration of Existing Recreation Programs
None of the above 10. The two types of strategies for helping people make friends are
good and bad
positive and negative
extrinsic and intrinsic
inclusive and exclusive 11. _______________ is a procedure for restructuring large recreation groups into smaller play groups, ensuring isolated members the opportunity to interact with those individuals with whom they have the potential to form positive social relationships.
Sociometry
Circle of Friends
Reverse Mainstreaming
None of the above 12. The authors are of the opinion that...
rigid strategies that are applicable across the board can be formulated to enhance friendship development
there is no “quick fix” that can be prescribed to enhance friendship development
each disabled individual is best left to himself/herself to enhance personal friendships
one is one’s own best friend 13. Friendly Action Circles is …
an exclusive strategy for promoting friendships
a type of leisure skills development
a game for children to practice friendship behaviors
intended for individuals without disabilities 14. According to the authors…
family members of individuals with disabilities should play important roles in enhancing their friendships and social inclusion
family members of disabled individuals should not be responsible for identifying and appointing appropriate care providers
care providers of individuals with disabilities should play important roles in enhancing their friendships and social inclusion
care providers should take on the responsibilities of family members 15. The authors stress that it is critical that we…
review periodically the nature of the relationships between people with and without disabilities
carefully study the nature of the relationships between people with and without disabilities, and the definitions and criteria we currently have for judging them
to juxtapose intrinsic and extrinsic strategies to promote friendships between disabled and non-disabled individuals
reject our current notions of “friendship”
Making Friends Within Inclusive Community Recreation Programs
If you would like to take this course for your CE program, it is recommended that you:
