1.  The first cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reported in the United States in . . .
1980
1981
1982
1983

2.  Between July 1998 and June 1999, _______ percent of all AIDS cases reported were among men and women who reported injection drug use.
23
26
42
49

3.  The most likely explanation for the origin of HIV is that it was introduced to humans from
Dogs
Cats
Monkeys
Rhinos

4.  AIDS is caused by HIV infection and is characterized by a severe reduction in . . .
CD4 and T cells
CD8 and T cells
T cells only
CD4 and CD8 cells

5.  Deaths from AIDS have __________ in all racial and ethnic groups and among both men and women.
steadily increased since 1985
decreased slowly since 1990
increased slowly since 1996
decreased since 1996

6.  HIV/AIDS is spreading most rapidly among
Hispanics
Blacks
Women and adolescents
Gay men

7.  The most effective means of transmitting HIV is by direct contact between
The infected blood of one person and the blood supply of another
The infected saliva of one person and the blood supply of another
The infected anal mucosa of one person and the blood supply of another
The infected blood of one person and the anal mucosa of another

8.  A woman is __________ more likely to contract HIV through vaginal intercourse if the man is infected than in the reverse situation.
four times
six times
eight times
ten times

9.  Which of the following is least likely to transmit HIV?
Anal intercourse
Oral intercourse
Vaginal intercourse
They are all equally likely to transmit HIV

10.  Which of the following can increase the risk of HIV transmission?
The presence of another STD
A high level of HIV circulating in the bloodstream
Both A and B
Neither A nor B

11.  A person can contract HIV infection through
mosquitoes
toilet seats
kissing someone with HIV
oral sex with someone with HIV

12.  The viral load represents the level of ______________ or genetic material circulating in the bloodstream
HIV DNA
HIV retrovirus
HIV RNA
HIV T-cells

13.  The 6 – 12 weeks between the time of infection and the time when an ELISA test for HIV becomes positive are called the:
Window period
Latency period
Negative period
Period of lowest infectious potential

14.  The progress of HIV disease follows these stages:
initial infection, latency, ARC, AIDS
initial infection, latency, symptomatic infection, AIDS
initial infection, symptomatic infection, AIDS
initial infection, symptomatic infection, ARC, AIDS

15.  Primary HIV infection can cause an acute ____________________ syndrome between 2 and 6 weeks after infection.
Antibody
T-cell
Retroviral
Neurological

16.  The latency period or incubation period during which untreated persons with HIV have few, if any symptoms, lasts a median of about _____ years.
2
4
7
10

17.  Diseases not normally manifest in someone with a healthy immune system are called
Immunodeficiency diseases
AIDS-defining conditions
Unhealthy immune system diseases
HIV-syndrome conditions

18.  In the 1980s, AIDS was defined to include a depressed immune system and at least one illness tied to HIV infection. AIDS-defining conditions discussed in detail in this paper are:
TB and invasive cervical cancer
TB and mononucleousis
diarrhea and KS
diarrhea and cervical cancer

19.  In the past few years, a phenomenon called __________ has developed among patients with AIDS, wherein, because of optimal drug therapy, someone who had seemed very near death improves and returns to fairly normal function.
Lazarus condition
Lazarus syndrome
Lazarus phenomenon
Lazarus infection

20.  HIV prevalence rates are highest in __________ .
Anglo Americans
Hispanic Americans
African Americans
Asian Americans

21.  From July 1998 through June 1999, males who have sex with males represented _____ percent of AIDS cases.
30
38
42
51

22.  Which of the following states has the highest numbers of AIDS cases?
Florida
Texas
California
New Jersey

23.  The confirmed rate of AIDS among incarcerated people in State and Federal prisons is more than ______ times higher than in the general population.
Two
Six
Ten
Twelve

24.  __________ was the main risk factor for HIV infection for female sex workers in six U.S. cities.
IDU
unprotected sex
violent clients
homelessness

25.  Which of the following contributes to exacerbated HIV risk among substance abusers?
They are more likely to forget to use condoms
They are more likely to share needles
They are more likely to exchange sex for drugs
All of the above

26.  Most adolescents are exposed to HIV through __________.
unprotected sex only
IDU only
unprotected sex or IDU
IDU and STDs

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